Brazil has improved its position in the Transparency International's annual rank of world's most corrupted countries. Brazil went up five points when compared to 2008, which took the country to number 75 among 180 nations instead of 80, last year. The country, however, is still seen as highly corrupt.
In a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means corruption at its worst and 10 absolute cleanliness, Brazil got 3.7 points.
The ranking uses studies carried out by organizations like the World Bank and the World Economic Forum, which listen to analysts and business executives about their perception regarding transparency in different countries. The smaller the grade, the worse the corruption.
Brazil is listed among other countries with high level of corruption at the same level of Colombia and only four points ahead of China.
Chile, Uruguay and Costa Rica have the lowest perceived levels of corruption in Latin America, a benchmark and inspiration for the Americas according to the latest report from Transparency International. Argentina and Venezuela are among the low performers in a region where there are serious indications of "rampant corruption."
Among the 31 countries from the Americas included in Transparency International's (TI) 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), 10 scored above 5 (out of 10) while 21 scored less than 5 indicating a serious corruption problem. Overall, nine countries failed to exceed a score of 3, indicating rampant corruption.
However in the overall ranking of 180 countries, headed by New Zealand, Denmark and Singapore, Uruguay and Chile figure in position 25 (next to France); Argentina ranks 106; Paraguay, 154;Â Mexico, 89; Venezuela 162, worse than Russia, 146.
Canada and the US are the best performers in the Americas, ranking 8 and 18, which compares with the UK standing of position 17.
In Latin America with the exception of Guatemala, no country in the region showed a significant increase in its CPI score.
In the group of countries which score above 5, Canada remains at the top of the list. It continues to be among the ten countries with the lowest perceived levels of corruption worldwide. Chile, Uruguay and Costa Rica are the only Latin American countries included in this group, although with lower scores than their Caribbean neighbors in Barbados and Saint Lucia.
The United States (US) score remains stable at 7.5 despite widespread concerns over a lack of government oversight in relation to the financial sector. A swift government response to the financial crisis and moves towards regulatory reforms that include transparency and accountability measures, may play a role in the country's score.
Nonetheless, it remains to be seen whether proposed reforms are far-reaching enough and to what extent they will be implemented. Another reason for concern is that in the US the legislature is perceived to be the institution most affected by corruption, according to TI's Global Corruption Barometer, a public opinion survey published in 2009.
Among the nine countries that failed to exceed a score of 5 are Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Mexico, all leading economies in the region which should become anti-corruption strongholds but have been rocked by scandals involving impunity, kickbacks, political corruption and state capture.
Once again Haiti, the poorest country in the region, ranks at the bottom though its score improved modestly from 1.4 in 2008 to 1.8 this year. Additional low scorers include Bolivia, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Paraguay, all countries facing high levels of poverty and a great need for solid, transparent institutions that could facilitate much-needed economic growth. Argentina and Venezuela are also among the low performers in the index, an indication that high perceptions of corruption are not exclusively linked to poverty.
Throughout Latin America, which makes up the bulk of low-scoring countries in the region, weak institutions, poor governance practices and the excessive influence of private interests continue to undermine best efforts to promote equitable and sustainable development.
Additionally, Latin American journalists face an increasingly restrictive environment with several countries passing or proposing legislation aimed at silencing critical coverage, which hampers overall press freedom and the crucial ability to report on corruption and its impact.
Both civil society and the media play a key role in preventing and fighting corruption. Weakening them, particularly at a time when democratic institutions are also being challenged in several countries, limits the possibility of achieving lasting prosperity and reducing inequality.
Although each country has its own particular context, across the board the effects of the financial crisis and the subsequent economic downturn have highlighted the crucial importance of governance in the private and public sectors and in relationships between the two, particularly in respect to stimulus packages which are already pumping large amounts of money into badly affected economies. States across the region – rich and poor – will have to respond by ensuring that these public funds are handled with integrity.
Bzz/Mercopress
