Brazil - BRAZZIL - Vovo, the Heart and Soul of Ile Aiye - Brazilian Music

I could hardly believe my own eyes, when I read the phone message the desk clerk at Hotel do Farol in Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, handed me. Conceição Boaventura, producer of Ilê Aiyê, had called and requested that I call her back. She spoke no English, but I understood that she was asking me if I would like to interview Antônio Carlos dos Santos, Vovô, the director of Ilê Aiyê, a musical group, one of whose CDs I had bought a couple of years earlier and enjoyed very much.

I had even attended one of their rehearsals in the old house of detention in Barbalho, a neighborhood of Salvador. I asked her if that's where she wanted me to meet Senhor Vovô, but she explained that they had moved back to Liberdade, and that she would have a car pick me up. I had but two days to research the group and come up with appropriate questions of the man I had seen in Barbalho on a couple of occasions—a tall, dark man whose shy demeanor was apparent.

Though a musical group, Ilê Aiyê, whose name is a Yoruba phrase that means House of Life, has a more important focus, namely of the appreciation of the black way of life. Furthermore, it stresses self-esteem of its members through education and training in music and Afro-Brazilian traditions.

Ilê Aiyê was founded on November 1^st1974 by Vovô and his friend, the late Apolônio de Jesus. They chose the neighborhood of Liberdade, Freedom, for the headquarters of their movement. Liberdade was settled by former slaves after the abolition of slavery in 1888 to celebrate their newly found liberty.

However, as is the case with many groups with no political influence, its people are largely overlooked and neglected by local and national politicians as well as sponsors. When Vovô founded Ilê Aiyê, he took on his shoulders a lifetime of commitment to improve the conditions of his neighborhood of some 400,000 people as well as those of all Brazilians of African descent.

Music is the main argument of Ilê Aiyê. At Carnaval in 1975, it became the first Afro bloco, Afro group, to march in a Carnaval parade. The Associação Cultural Bloco Carnavalesco Ilê Aiyê, Cultural Association Carnaval Group Ilê Aiyê has as its aim to preserve the Afro culture in Brazil. During the past 24 years, the organization has been responsible for awakening within the black population of Bahia, the awareness of its African roots. And at the center of it all is Mãe Hilda, mother of Vovô, and mãe de santo, priestess, of Candomblé. She is the spiritual leader and foremost authority of Ilê Aiyê.

Inspired by the Black Power movement of the United States and the struggle for independence in many African nations, the backbone of the movement is to be found in Candomblé, the religious expression brought from Africa under the most horrendous of circumstances—that of the slave ships with their inhumane cargo.

In spite of opposition from slave owners and other hardships endured, the survivors managed to preserve tradition, religion, music, and language, which today is part of the Portuguese spoken by some 160 million Brazilians. Every Brazilian, however far removed from African descent, now uses expressions brought by people hundreds of years ago, who had nothing left but the contents of their minds.

The Afro-Brazilian organization begun by Ilê Aiyê spawned many other similar groups in the 70s and 80s. They helped spreading the word and rhythm of Afro-Brazil around their own country as well as throughout the world. Even the most mainstream of musicians in Brazilian Popular Music, MPB, have been touched by those rhythms. People like Caetano Veloso, Lecy Brandão, Gilberto Gil, and Martinho da Vila, have included the influence in their own work.

Over the years, Ilê Aiyê has developed a number of projects praising the Afro culture. One of these is the Festa da Beleza Negra, the Feast of the Black Beauty. It is a competition in which a girl is chosen to represent the Goddess of Ébano. Furthermore, there are the Black Mother's Day and the Music Festival. Many group rehearsals have also been included in the calendar of events of Salvador.

On Saturday of Carnaval, the excitement starts with the exclusive parade in the district of Liberdade. But first, Mãe Hilda with her followers from the sect, perform a ceremony to ensure that Carnaval will be a peaceful one. Before the procession departs from Curuzu, they perform the ceremony consisting of offering scented water, manioc flour to the orixás and setting free a number of white doves.

This performance is completed with a display of fireworks. As a rule, some 30,000 people show up to be on hand for this, one of the most exciting spectacles of Carnaval. The ritual is so powerful and mystic that no disturbance ever takes place, even in the absence of protecting cords or security personnel. This makes it possible for visitors from all over the world to fully enjoy the event.

Then it is time for the procession to depart. In the front line is Mãe Hilda with members of Candomblé. At this moment, the public has its first chance to see what Ilê has worked so hard on for so long, the costumes, main attractions, singers, dance group, the Goddess of Ébano, the Queen of Ilê, the band, and its percussion players. The group leaves from Curuzu and goes through the main avenue of the district, Avenida Lima e Silva, and stops at the square of the slide way tram, Praça do Plano Inclinado. There, the group separates, only to meet again for the parade on the avenue, which is the main circuit of Carnaval.

It is dawn when the procession arrives at Campo Grande, a large square in the center of Salvador, home to many cultural institutions, the Teatro Castro Alves, and UFBA, Universidade Federal da Bahia, the federal university. Here, spectator's boxes are set up in front of the presentation area. It is a common sight to see famous singers in the stands, when they are not performing elsewhere themselves.

It is quite a sight to see the procession and hear the sound of 120 percussion players accompany the singers. Every year Ilê chooses an enredo, a theme for Carnaval. They glorify and tell stories of African civilizations and the struggle and suffering of Afro-Brazilians in their entire existence. The theme songs are made public during the Ilê Aiyê Music Festival, which takes place during the months of December and January. It is considered the biggest event of black music in Brazil.

The festival is divided into two parts: The first one includes the themes, which will be performed. The second part consists of poetry, exalting the day-to-day life of black men and women, addressing the issue of their self-esteem. The songs elected in the festival are recorded and played to the public during the rehearsals by the six singers of the group. They are: Reizinho, Graça, Guiguio, Adélson, Altair, and Cristiano.

The influence of Ilê Aiyê through the leadership of Vovô and Mãe Hilda on the community of Liberdade, is tremendous. They have been tireless in their efforts to develop programs to preserve the traditions and culture of African descendents in Bahia. Mãe Hilda, an authority regarding Afro religion in Bahia, is the mentor of Ilê and presides over the Board of Women.

Vovô has for many years been a community leader, even prior to the foundation of Ilê Aiyê. He and the late Apolônio de Jesus organized a series of events such as the party of São João and entertaining trips. They also created the Vitorinha, a soccer team for black children who did not have opportunities to play in other clubs.

Vovô attended primary and high school in the Parque School, founded by the famous teacher from Bahia, Anísio Teixeira. Following high school, he took up courses in clinical pathology and electromechanical engineering. In the years of Ilê Aiyê's existence, he has produced three albums for the musical group. He was the coordinator of Carnaval in the district of Liberdade from 1989 until 1992, and in 1996 he was the general coordinator of Carnaval in Salvador.

He was also on the commission organized to bring Nelson Mandela to Brazil as well as a member of the official committee of cultural exchange between Bahia and Benin. As part of his responsibility for the Project of Pedagogic Extension of Ilê, he is also a member of the Inter-ministerial Group for the Valorization of the Black Population (Grupo Interministerial para a Valorização da População Negra) in Brasília, and a member of the Coordination of the Inter-municipal Forum of Culture.

The two young men, Vovô and Apolônio, first experienced political awareness when they were working for the Petrochemical Industries of Camaçari. They realized that the opportunities were absent when it came to people of color. This realization prompted them to get organized, and from them stem the many groups and movements for the defense of the rights of blacks in Bahia, even though they represent the majority of the population.

The situation in the world of Carnaval was no different. Discrimination was as rampant here as in the workplace. The Carnaval groups excluded blacks from anything but the most menial of tasks, such as holding the cords in order to prevent non-members from joining the procession. Blacks could only take place in Bahia's Carnaval as "popcorn" following the Trios Elétricos (sound trucks) or as members of other entities such as Schools of Samba or as part of the group Filhos de Gandhi, Children of Gandhi, created by the dock workers in the Port of Salvador.

Led by Vovô and Apolônio, a group of black young people from Curuzu protested against the exclusion and discrimination suffered by blacks in the traditional Carnaval groups. Thus, on November 1^st, 1974, the first Afro bloco was born with the rule that whites were not allowed. And during Carnaval of 1975, the group Ilê paraded down the avenue with its 100 members. The second year saw an increase to 450, and the third counted some 750 participants. It has been growing steadily ever since.

Throughout the year the Cultural Association Carnaval Group Ilê Aiyê develops several social works within the community of Curuzu. The most significant of those is education. Ilê supports two schools in Curuzu: Mãe Hilda's School and Banderê School. Furthermore, it maintains partnership with four public schools, benefiting a total of 4,000 students.

Vovô's organization has received the support of several institutions, such as the Odebrecht Foundation, UNICEF, CESE, and ABRINQ Foundation. The Project of Pedagogic Extension of Ilê Aiyê has edited six volumes of the series Notebooks of Education about the history of African civilizations and Afro-Brazilian history. The project represents a synthesis of the path and the journey traveled by Ilê Aiyê in its 24 years of existence. The same underlying principle always applies: the affirmation of a black citizenry with self-esteem and reaffirmation of the ancestral heritage, which cultivated the African roots in Brazil and in Bahia.

The respect for the elderly as basis for Good Behavior, will ensure the preservation of the Afro-Brazilian religious traditions. The defense of the black race will be guaranteed by the act of solidarity towards many social struggles.

In its work, Ilê Aiyê tries to emphasize strength as organization, to awaken the self-esteem of black people and to promote professional courses and social-educational activities with children and adults. Furthermore, to preserve Afro traditions and the integration within the black community and to stimulate the resistance and defense of the black race.

Rehearsals. The calendar of events promoted by Ilê starts in June with the rehearsals, which take place in different locations: the districts of Curuzu and Pelourinho, on Thursdays and Saturdays. The main attractions are the band and singers of Ilê, and other singers and composers of the new Afro-Bahia music. The rehearsals take place until the day before Carnaval.

On the 28^th of September, Ilê pays homage to all the black mothers with the event called Week of the Black Mother. It is a cultural event managed by Mãe Hilda and organized by the Board of Women from Ilê. The program of the event consists of talks and discussions about themes linked to the condition of the black women in society. There is also a series of exhibitions.

The month of November sees the celebration of important dates for Ilê: foundation of the group on the 1^st, The Black Awareness Day created to pay homage to Zumbi dos Palmares, a slave who escaped with a large group of followers and hid out from the authorities in an enclave called a Quilombo. Celebrated is also the Independence of Angola and Rebellion of Chibata, an uprising of black marines, which took place in Rio de Janeiro.

The Wa Jeun, which means "Let's eat," is a night event in celebration of the Afro-Brazilian cuisine of Bahia. During the Wa Jeun, the guests can enjoy a well-prepared menu based on the various dishes of the Afro cuisine. The program is also enriched by the performance of the Ilê band and the presence of the queens and dancers of Ilê Aiyê, wearing traditional costumes.

The festival of black music is the biggest event of its kind in the country. It is open to the participation of musicians and composers from every part of Brazil. It is in this festival that music and the theme for the following Carnaval are chosen.

On a memorable night, taking place in a large club in the city, Ilê Aiyê elects its queen, the Goddess of Ébano who will reign until next year's Carnaval. During that party, the biggest before Carnaval, Ilê presents all its attractions: dance groups, bands, singers as well as celebrities from the national music scene.

Pai e Filho

Meu filho
Onde você estava
Já passou da zero hora
Você vem chegando agora
Meu filho você não tem sentimento
Você ainda é de menor
Não tem todos os documentos
Oh pai, o senhor não se zangue comigo
É que eu estava preocupado
Mas agora me sinto melhor
Lentamente eu ia passando
Ouvi o som da bateria
de repente estava lá
Naquela quadra tão maravilhosa
Onde a negrada pulava e
cantava sem parar
Oh pai, o senhor me empresta
Um dinheiro
Para eu vestir a fantasia
Deste afro pioneiro
Agora eu vou lhe dizer papai
Onde eu estava o senhor vai entender
E até vai bater palmas
Estava no Ilê, papai
Estava no Ilê
Estava no Ilê, papai
No Ilê Aiyê

Father and Son

My son
Where were you
Zero hour already passed
You are arriving now
My son, you don't have feeling
You are still young
You don't have all the documents
Oh father, Sir, don't be angry with me
I was worried
But now I feel better
Slowly I was passing by
I heard the sound of the drums and
suddenly I was there
On that marvelous block
Where the black people jumped and
sang without stopping
Oh father, Sir, lend me
Money
For me to wear the costume
Of this Afro pioneer
Now I'll tell you father
Where I was, you will understand
And even clap your hands
I was in Ilê father
I was in Ilê
I was in Ilê father
In Ilê Aiyê

Minha Origem

Se me perguntar
De que origem eu sou
Sou de origem africana
Eu sou, com muito orgulho eu sou
E a minha lei é uma boa
É de ternura, de paz e oração
No Ilê Aiyê eu vou, eu vou
Dançar de coração
A dança do negro
É uma dança legal
Os negros mexem com os ombros
Os negros mexem com os pés

My Origin

If you ask me
Of which origin I am
I am of African origin
I am, with much pride, I am
And my law is a good one
It is of tenderness, peace, and prayer
In Ilê Aiyê I go, I go
Dance from the heart
The dance of the black man
Is a great dance
The blacks work with their shoulders
The blacks work with their feet.

Interview with Vovô,
director of Ilê Aiyê

Vovô: In truth, it's difficult to explain in such a way that people understand. Ilê Aiyê is not a musical group, it's not the band that is our base. Our structure is the musicality, and all the information we want to pass on goes beyond the music. Therefore, we're not a band. We are a group that has a band. That's a little different, isn't it?

People complain that we're not in the media because we don't record songs by many different composers. We maintain a friendship with Gil and Caetano, but we only record songs by composers in the community, who are here on a day-to-day basis. That complicates, a little, the image and ideas of people, you see, who complain about the immediacy of the music, our music.

Here we have a criterion for music/poetry, which makes up the theme of each new year. "Pérola Negra," Black Pearl and "Angola." And we have the music/poetry, this music, we work on and which speaks of our day-to-day existence. This works hard toward raising the self-esteem of the participants. It is music, that always speaks of the valorization of the black man. Therefore, the music doesn't speak badly of the white man, nor does it praise. It speaks neither bad nor good.

It is always about the problems of the black community, but in a positive way, even those things which were already used in a negative manner. We produce and return to the community that which doesn't play on the radio, and people come here on the weekends, right here in our area. This is the function of Ilê Aiyê.

Brazzil: I know that Ilê Aiyê only accept members of African descent. In the United States, where we have so much racism, an act like that would be taken as hostility. Is it any different here?

Vovô: It has always been a group that only accepts blacks or people of African descent. Here, too, that is seen as a reverse apartheid. They say that we're combating racism with racism. Those complaints, you know, were much more intense in the beginning, but with the passage of time, we gained strength. Today, we have already grown and are capable of impeding those who may try to bar this, you know.

It would be much better if the other Afro blocos also had the same philosophy. But the only bloco, which has succeeded in resisting, is Ilê Aiyê, perhaps because of the fact that it was born in a special place like Liberdade (Liberty) in Curuzu, a neighborhood estimated to have some 400,000 inhabitants—a black neighborhood.

Thus, this fact provides great strength as well as the fact that there are many Candomblé terreiros (places of worship for the Candomblé religion), many cultural manifestations here in this neighborhood—always had and always will. Therefore, the cause has much more strength here.

Vovô: In the 25 years of existence, the average number of participants has been about 3,000.

Vovô: We have, today, a project called a pedagogical extension, which provides a much stronger performance in the area of education in Liberdade. We are in the third series of formal education from 6-14 years. We have a school of music called Banda Erê. The age range is the same, and the kids begin their musical education at that age. We have several kids here, who have already traveled with the band.

In the fundamental band we work only with percussion, and the base of the band is here in Liberdade. Now we also have kids from other neighborhoods, who have interest in the band, but the range of age is the same. In the band considered adult, the range is 14-20.

Brazzil: Tell me about the influence Ilê Aiyê has had on the community

Vovô: In the beginning, we'd get together and discuss the theme for Carnaval for the following year. One of the discussions would be about our influence, which has now lasted 25 years, on the city of Salvador. Almost everything that happens here has had a certain influence from 1974 until now on the Carnaval. Carnaval, here, was always on top of Trio Elétricos on Praça Castro Alves, and the style was Frevo de Pernambuco, like the Pernambucano (from the state of Pernambuco) Carnaval. With the appearance of Ilê Aiyê, the first afro bloco, this began to change, and it happened in the rehearsal locations that the dances appeared - different dances that the media began to absorb. Our bloco really succeeded in changing the rhythm of Carnaval. Today, everybody enjoys Carnaval with the afro rhythms, you know, which now finally, are defined as axé music, the colorful element of Carnaval. Changed, also, is the dress of the Trio Elétrico blocos. Many times before, during rehearsals of the blocos, the police would come and beat people up because it was viewed as acts of marginal people. In the periphery, there is no leisure. Therefore, the rehearsal of a bloco like this one here, unites thousands of black people, young and old from other neighborhoods, who all come here. Today, a bloco rehearsal is something chic, something well organized, very rewarding. So is directing dancers on stage and parades of afro blocos at Carnaval.

They always used the Trio Elétrico blocos, which produced parades that simulated African cultural themes, but it was really just the band that was involved in the spectacle. But today, here in Bahia, there is very little, which is not influenced by Ilê Aiyê. The only difference is that we continue producing African-influenced programs, and those who are in charge of production, keep exploiting. We produce the dance and music, but it's the white producers who administer the programs, isn't that right? The record companies, the publishers have money for you to make music, and they'll give you R$1,000 to write a good song. And everybody gets rich, and the black people, who continue producing, are all poor, aren't they?

But there has been a strong change in the music. In the old days, the frevo (improvised Carnaval music) was much more violent. The violence at Carnaval has diminished a lot. It has calmed down a lot since the arrival of the axé music of the Afro blocos.

Vovô: Here we don't have that same thing they have in Rio, an unlimited number of composers, but there are some composers who are faithful to us. There are others who shift between Ilê Aiyê and Olodum, because they also spread the successes around of those blocos, which are in most evidence, and when the bloco records, there is the opportunity for a singer of axé music to record one of their songs.

Thus, there exists here in Bahia a lot of good potential, which hasn't yet been explored. Two years ago, I signed a contract with a fellow in the U.S., who lives in New York and who wanted to record Ilê Aiyê, and I came as far as putting together the material for a CD similar to the one that Edil Pacheco recorded. I'm still trying to produce Afros e Afoxés da Bahia.

Ilê Aiyê has a music festival here, well, today we have changed the name to Festival of Black Music. We need to give it a legitimate direction to a national level, but it is surely the best festival for black music in Brazil. It's the festival with most competitors and the best composers of the Afro blocos, who participate. Today, there even appear people who only make axé music and who are trying to get in.

This one year, for example, the composer who won in the festival, was a white guy married to a congresswoman. It's kind of funny. She only "hangs with" Olodum, and he can't be part of our group because he is white. However, he only comes here and only makes music for Ilê Aiyê, and because he is so loyal to us, there is no restriction against him any more. He is in the festival this year.

Vovô: Here, it is different from the samba schools. Only one song counts. When you sing a lot of music, many songs will be performed in the three days of Carnaval, but then there's generally the problem that the new songs slow things down. The representatives of each bloco usually ask to sing some classic songs that everybody knows, and those songs always have to be in the repertoire of Carnaval.

The more serious problem that we confront is this. Here in Bahia, there is much racism, maybe the most in all of Brazil. Everybody thinks that Ilê Aiyê is beautiful and marvelous, but at the time of support, it is very difficult. The Baiano and Brazilian impresario, before being a capitalist, is a racist. He doesn't think of the result. He thinks that a bloco like this with more than 30,000 people, who come to watch, will not give him any return on his investment, that it is not interesting to invest, and that the black man does not consume.

Thus, he prefers investing in the blocos in which his children and his friends participate. He doesn't want to know that the black population consume, and consequently, we face much difficulty putting the bloco on the street. The associates of Ilê Aiyê have less acquisitive power. People only pay at Carnaval. We always have to come to agreements here. It is a bloco that works with the whole family, the child wants to enjoy, the adolescent, the adult, and the old person.

Sometimes it is just one person paying for all the costumes. They cost $200, if you pay cash or by credit card. If you pay by installment, it's $250, and we always have to negotiate that the guy pays both. These are people who pay half and have to pay the installment with no interest to be able to let the family participate.

Schincariol Beer is giving support of $10,000 worth of beer. The sponsorship they give the Trio Elétrico blocos is different, $80-100,000 in money. In reality, people know that competing with a more sophisticated bloco, the cost goes up every day you have to enter the market to compete, because otherwise you'll disappear next to the Trio Elétrico of a large bloco. That could happen even though our percussion is more complex.

We still face much difficulty. Our own government and the prefecture give much less during the year, and there is not even a leisure program in Liberdade. So, people have to play ball in the fields, in the streets, on the asphalt, and the only pleasure you have is the rehearsals of the bloco. People of the community sell water and food, which are another source of income, but today the prefecture charges for the use of the street. And they have to put up chemical toilets, all of which is an expense for which there is no return and adds up the debt at Carnaval.

Therefore, the only solution is if the black man had more political consciousness and began boycotting for example the supermarkets here in Liberdade. They sell a lot in the bairro (neighborhood), but when you go to talk to them, they say that the office is in São Paulo. If people here had political consciousness, they would stop buying for one or two days a week. That would make the supermarket stop and think, but they do not have that, and I'm not so powerful a leader that I can get people to boycott businesses.

Brazzil: I heard that there is a festival of African heritage that happens in November. Could you tell me a little about that?

Vovô: There was a meeting with the arrangers of the festival. They got together with some Afro blocos and decided to unite on a project. I took it to Miami to the director of the festival. He represents among others the Rockefeller Foundation. The project is about culture, education and Carnaval. That's why they called on Ilê Aiyê. Bahiatursa told us they didn't have much money to spend, so we raised what we could.

Again, one of the problems is money, and here, the local groups lose out. One group from Brasília charged over $1.000,000 for participating. Ilê Aiyê charged R$170,000. Our proposal was denied, they said we were overcharging. They diminished the value of Ilê Aiyê, because we have less sophisticated equipment than for example Timbalada. When arranging this festival, the prefecture hires groups from all over Brazil and pays a great deal of money, but they don't want to pay for Baiano groups.

People come from all over the world for the African Heritage Festival to see black groups, and they find that it was all arranged by whites. Someone from PT, Partido dos Trabalhadores, The Labor Party, got in a lot of trouble at the last festival because of that. We would like to arrange a festival that is a celebration of blackness, but the Afro blocos don't have the courage. There is still a feeling of shame about being black. They even try to deny that Bahia is a state of black majority.

I went to New Orleans in April for the jazz festival celebrating black music, and that's the kind of thing I'd like to see here in Salvador. Mr. Davis, the producer, brought over 200,000 people to the festival. We cannot get sponsorship, even though a return on the investment is a certainty. The city does not invite Afro blocos to arrange cultural events. Small elite groups produce programs with small revenue.

They invite artists from all over the country, but ignore the local black groups. We were not even invited to Percpan, which is a percussion festival, and Ilê Aiyê is the only group based strictly on percussion. As you can see, it is a constant uphill battle for funds and recognition, but in the end it is worth it with the education the children in Liberdade receive.

Brazzil: And speaking of the education, to keep up with the times, I imagine computer literacy is part of that education.

Vovô: That is a very necessary part of it. And the Fundação Palmares has a course in computers, which they will conduct for us, but it will have to be very basic, since we don't have computers, only the one here, in the office. But I keep going every day to make sure our children here will survive and grow.

I thanked Senhor Vovô for his time with the interview. Before leaving, we saw a "classroom" in the small building housing the office. There, a room full of children was learning to sew—a skill which can later lead to a job. They make T-shirts as well as costumes for Carnaval. They politely greeted me and posed for a couple of photographs. Vovô then took me to his mother's house and showed me where the classes are presently being conducted. While Vovô tirelessly works to provide for the physical and intellectual welfare of the children of Liberdade, his mother, Mãe Hilda, is the strong spiritual force behind Ilê Aiyê.

Life School

Ilê Aiyê means house of life in Yoruba. Ilê Aiyê is also a musical group and a way of thinking and appreciating the black way of life. In Bahia the group is an institution and Vovô, its founder and director, an inspiration.

Kirsten Weinoldt

Interview with Vovô,
director of Ilê Aiyê

CDs or Books
by Keyword, Title or Author

Life School

Ilê Aiyê means house of life in Yoruba. Ilê Aiyê is also a musical group and a way of thinking and appreciating the black way of life. In Bahia the group is an institution and Vovô, its founder and director, an inspiration.

Kirsten Weinoldt

Interview with Vovô, director of Ilê Aiyê

CDs or Books by Keyword, Title or Author

Interview with Vovô,
director of Ilê Aiyê

CDs or Books
by Keyword, Title or Author